Beep Autonomous Embedded System Via LoRawan Communication Monitoring Beehives

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Beep Autonomous Embedded System Via LoRawan Communication Monitoring Beehives

This instructable explains how to build and monitor an autonomous embedded system in order to receive data from beehives (temperature, humidity, weight, luminosity, battery voltage, frequencies) and being able to watch these values remotly.

You can watch a presentation here https://youtu.be/CLdYry7MDEE

Supplies

Here is an exhaustive list of all the necessary hardware needed:

-Solar pannel : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-cellule-solaire-sol2w-18995.htm

-Lipo-Rider shield : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-carte-lipo-rider-pro-106990008-19050.htm

-Arduino Nano 33 BLE : https://docs.arduino.cc/hardware/nano-33-ble-sense

-Lora Module : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-module-lora-e5-grove-113020091-33673.htm

-3.7V Battery : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-accu-li-ion-3-7-v-1050-mah-5811.htm

-USB converter : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-convertisseur-usb-serie-dfr0164-19336.htm

-Temperature sensor : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-capteur-de-temperature-grove-101990019-23842.htm

-Weight sensor : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-amplificateur-hx711-grove-101020712-31346.htm

-Humidity sensor : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-module-capteur-t-et-humidite-sen-dht22-31502.htm

-Jack female : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-fiche-femelle-pf203p-4807.htm#complte_desc

-Microphone

-Weight sensor:

-Audio amplificator : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-lm386n-10319.htm

-Labdec : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-plaque-de-montage-rapide-22812.htm

-Switch : https://www.gotronic.fr/art-inter-unipolaire-c170h-4424.htm

-Resistors

-Converter 3.3V

-Capacitors

-Wires

Electrical Schematic

Here is the explicit electrical schematic. Note that you are note obliged to wire every sensor for the system to work.

Send Data Via Lora to TheThingsNetwork

I The Things Network

Create an account on the things Network :Overview - Console - The Things Network
Go to "Applications"/"+ create application" and name it as you would like. We called ours "zebee".
Go to "End Device"/"+ add end device" and select "seedTechnology" under "brand", "Seed Studio lorawan Dev kit" under model, "EU_863_870" for the profile if you are in europe.
Frequency plan: Europe 863-870 MHz (SF9 for RX2 – recommended), AppEUI : Fill it with zeros for now, DevEUI: Generate, AppKey: Generate, EndDeviceId: zebee.

II Communication using USB/Série DFR0164

Connect the Lora module to the usb converter

LoRa E5 | DFR0164

Tx | TXD

Rx | RXD

Launch Putty and establish a connection with 9600 bauds and write the following commands:

AT send "OK" 
AT+ID Send module IDs (DevAddr, AppEUI, DevEUI) 
AT+DR=EU868 # set the zone, can be U915... 
+DR: EU868 

To change module IDS : 
AT+ID=DevEUI,0B68BADE43C2FADE # set the DevEUI 
AT+ID=AppEUI,81263C32387B3144 # set the AppEUI 
AT+KEY=APPKEY,216BBEF3ADBBE2DXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 

Select OTAA mode to join the network
AT+MODE=LWOTAA # set OTAA join mode 
AT+DR=DR0 # change speed for SF7 BW125 
AT+DR=DR1 # change speed for SF8 BW125 
AT+DR=DR2 # change speed for SF9 BW125 
AT+DR=DR3 # change speed for SF10 BW125 
AT+DR=DR4 # change speed for SF11 BW125 
AT+DR=DR5 # change speed for SF12 BW125 

Join the network 
AT+JOIN 
+JOIN: Start  
+JOIN: NORMAL 
+JOIN: Network joined 
+JOIN: NetID 326548 DevAddr 48:00:00:42 
+JOIN: Done 

# in case of problem during join you get 
+JOIN: Start 
+JOIN: NORMAL 
+JOIN: Join failed 
+JOIN: Done 

Send a message : 
AT+MSGHEX=01020304 # send payload 0x01,0x02,0x03,0x04 / 4B 
+MSGHEX: Start 
+MSGHEX: Done 

or to send plain text 
AT+MSG=01020304 # send payload "01020304" / 8 chars 
+MSG: Start 
+MSG: Done

You can check full documentation here: LoRa-E5 AT Command Specification_V1.0 .pdf (seeedstudio.com)

III Arduino connection

On the arduino we can connect the Lora module :

LoRa E5 | Arduino

Tx | Rx

Rx | Tx

And write the following code:

static char recv_buf[512];
static bool is_exist = false;
static bool is_join = false;
static int led = 0;
unsigned int ret = 0;
unsigned char led_flag = 0;

// Fonction called in order to connect to the LoRaWan network
static int at_send_check_response(char *p_ack, int timeout_ms, char *p_cmd, ...)
{
    unsigned int ch;
    unsigned int num = 0;
    unsigned int index = 0;
    unsigned int startMillis = 0;


    memset(recv_buf, 0, sizeof(recv_buf));
    Serial1.write(p_cmd); 
    delay(200);
    startMillis = millis();


    do
    {
        while (Serial1.available() > 0)
        {
            ch = Serial1.read();
            recv_buf[index++] = ch;
            delay(2);
        }


    } while (millis() - startMillis < timeout_ms);


    if (strstr(recv_buf, p_ack) != NULL)
    {
        return 1;
    }
    else
        return 0;
}

// Fonction called to Setup the LoRaWan 
void Setup_LoRaWan()
{
  ret = at_send_check_response("+AT: OK", 100, "AT\r\n");
  while ( !ret ){
    ret = at_send_check_response("+AT: OK", 100, "AT\r\n");
  }


  is_exist = true;
  at_send_check_response("+ID: AppEui", 1000, "AT+ID\r\n");
  at_send_check_response("+MODE: LWOTAA", 1000, "AT+MODE=LWOTAA\r\n");
  at_send_check_response("+DR: EU868", 1000, "AT+DR=EU868\r\n");
  at_send_check_response("+CH: NUM", 1000, "AT+CH=NUM,0-2\r\n");
  at_send_check_response("+KEY: APPKEY", 1000,
                          "AT+KEY=APPKEY,\"437BBxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\"\r\n");
  at_send_check_response("+KEY: DEVEUI", 1000, "AT+ID=DEVEUI,\"2022202220222022\"\r\n");
  at_send_check_response("+KEY: APPEUI", 1000, "AT+ID=APPEUI,\"0000000000000000\"\r\n");
  at_send_check_response("+CLASS: C", 1000, "AT+CLASS=A\r\n");
  at_send_check_response("+PORT: 8", 1000, "AT+PORT=8\r\n");
  delay(200);
}

// Fonction called in order to connect to lorawan network
void Connect_LoRaWan()
{
  if (at_send_check_response("+JOIN: Network joined", 12000, "AT+JOIN\r\n"))
  {
    is_join = true;
  }
  else
  {
    at_send_check_response("+ID: AppEui", 1000, "AT+ID\r\n");
    delay(5000);
  }
}

// Fonction called in order to send data though the LoRaWan network
void Communication_LoRaWan()
{
  char cmd[512];
  sprintf(cmd, "AT+MSGHEX=%04X%08X%08X%08X%04X%08X%04X%04X%04X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X\r\n",u_battery, Tab_Maxim_temp[0], Tab_Maxim_temp[1], dht22_1_temp, dht22_1_hum, dht22_2_temp, dht22_2_hum, sunlight, weight, out[0], out[1], out[2], out[3], out[4], out[5],out[6],out[7],out[8],out[9]);

  Serial.println(cmd);
  Serial.println(dht22_1_temp, HEX);


  ret = at_send_check_response("Done", 5000, cmd);
  if (ret)
  {
    delay(5000);
    Downlink_treatment(recv_buf);
  }
  else
  {
      Serial.print("Send failed!\r\n\r\n");
  }


}

/* --- Arduino default fonctions --- */
void setup()
{
  delay(2000);
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial1.begin(9600);
  Setup_LoRaWan();
  delay(2000);
  while ( is_join == false )
  {
    Connect_LoRaWan();
  }
}

void loop()
{
  Communication_LoRaWan();
  delay(20000);
}

Finally, you should see in live-data some data sent.

You can decode this data using payload-formatter by writing in the uplink session this custom javascript formatter:

function decodeUplink(input) {
  var data = {};
  data.bv = (input.bytes[0] << 8 | (input.bytes[1]))/10;
  data.t_0 = ((input.bytes[2] << 24) | (input.bytes[3] << 16) | (input.bytes[4] << 8) | input.bytes[5])/10;
  data.t_1 = ((input.bytes[6] << 24) | (input.bytes[7] << 16) | (input.bytes[8] << 8) | input.bytes[9])/10;
  data.t_2 = ((input.bytes[10] << 24) | (input.bytes[11] << 16) | (input.bytes[12] << 8) | input.bytes[13])/10;
  data.h = ((input.bytes[14] << 8 | (input.bytes[15])))/10;
  data.t_3 = ((input.bytes[16] << 24) | (input.bytes[17] << 16) | (input.bytes[18] << 8) | input.bytes[19])/10;
  data.humidity = ((input.bytes[20] << 8 | (input.bytes[21])))/10;
  data.l = ((input.bytes[22] << 8 | (input.bytes[23])));
  data.weight_kg = ((input.bytes[24] << 8 | (input.bytes[25])))/10;
  data.s_bin098_146Hz = (input.bytes[26]);
  data.s_bin146_195Hz = (input.bytes[27]);
  data.s_bin195_244Hz = (input.bytes[28]);
  data.s_bin244_293Hz = (input.bytes[29]);
  data.s_bin293_342Hz = (input.bytes[30]);
  data.s_bin342_391Hz = (input.bytes[31]);
  data.s_bin391_439Hz = (input.bytes[32]);
  data.s_bin439_488Hz = (input.bytes[33]);
  data.s_bin488_537Hz = (input.bytes[34]);
  data.s_bin537_586Hz = (input.bytes[35]);
 return {
 data: data,
 warnings: [],
 errors: []
 };
}