Frequency Generator
This circuit can generate frequency upto the max switching frequency of an npn transistor using LEDs.
Material Required
The things required for this project are
1.npn transistor ( mine is 2n2222a of cdil)
2. 2 ir LEDs (mine is 940 nm each a wide beam to receive and a narrow beam to transmit)
3. 2 100k ohm trimpots
4. a 10k ohm trimpot.
5. batteries ( 3-4v)
6. ic socket(to change transistors
easily)
7. wires
Tools
1. soldering iron
2. screw driver
3. tape(any)
1.npn transistor ( mine is 2n2222a of cdil)
2. 2 ir LEDs (mine is 940 nm each a wide beam to receive and a narrow beam to transmit)
3. 2 100k ohm trimpots
4. a 10k ohm trimpot.
5. batteries ( 3-4v)
6. ic socket(to change transistors
easily)
7. wires
Tools
1. soldering iron
2. screw driver
3. tape(any)
Circuit
Make the circuit as shown in the schematic.
It can explain more than words.
use ic socket instead of transistor so that you can change transistor easily to measure other's frequency.
Make two collector pins so that any transistor can be plugged easily.In last picture c,b and e refers to collector, base and emitter respectively.
Tape the two LED in front of each other so that the light emitted by one directly falls on the other as shown in picture.
It can explain more than words.
use ic socket instead of transistor so that you can change transistor easily to measure other's frequency.
Make two collector pins so that any transistor can be plugged easily.In last picture c,b and e refers to collector, base and emitter respectively.
Tape the two LED in front of each other so that the light emitted by one directly falls on the other as shown in picture.
Explanation
The IR led on the collector of the transistor emits ir light. This light is received by the ir led on the base of transistor to produce 1 volt. This potential difference is then used to decrease the voltage on the base of transistor to switch it off otherwise when there is no light on ir LED the transistor remains on. This creates a loop in which the ir LED on the collector switches its own transistor of and then again it switches on.
Here IR led is used because it generates maximum voltage for low light as it compromises with current. since the transistor amplifies the current it has no effect on our circuit.
Here IR led is used because it generates maximum voltage for low light as it compromises with current. since the transistor amplifies the current it has no effect on our circuit.