How to Make a Kitchen Timer

This Instructable steps through how to create digital kitchen timers, complete with a knob, buzzer, and a digital display. The system has two GreenPAK™ IC devices, one to keep time and the other to drive the display. The schematic is shown in Figure 1. A button is configured to start, pause, continue, and reset the timer. A maximum of 1 hour (or 59 minutes) can be digitally stored.

The quadrature knob interface is derived from AN-1101 Unclocked Quadrature Decoder.

Below we described steps needed to understand how the solution has been programmed to create a kitchen timer. However, if you just want to get the result of programming, download GreenPAK software to view the already completed GreenPAK Design File. Plug the GreenPAK Development Kit to your computer and hit the program to design the device.

The time is stored in two sets of DFFs, one that represents the tens digit and another the ones digit. The DFFs count in binary from 0000 to 1001 (or 0 to 9 in decimal) for the ones digit and from 000 to 101 (or 0 to 5 in decimal) for the tens digit. The maximum storable value is 59.

The ones digit inputs are gated by a ‘Wrap’ signal and an ‘Up/Down’ signal. The Wrap signal indicates when the digits have reached 0 or 9 and forces the next value to wrap around to 9 or 0 depending on the counting direction. For the tens digit the wrap occurs when the digits have reached 0 or 5 and forces the next value to be 5 or 0. The Up/Down signal signifies the counting direction which comes from the quadrature decoder.

The 10s digits has an Overflow input. When a wrap occurs in the 1’s digit, the 10’s digit must count to the next value.

The quadrature knob is a 3-pin device where two outputs A and B are pulled up to the supply and the third pin to GND. These two outputs A and B will pulse low sequentially depending on the direction the knob is turning. For clockwise, A will go low first, followed by B and for counter clockwise, B will go low first, followed by A. Based on this information, we can detect what direction the knob is turning.

This design is a variant of AN-1101 Unclocked Quadrature Decoder and includes a deglitch filter to eliminate contact bounce. The decoder outputs a short pulse that occurs at each CW rotation (3-bit LUT1) and either a CW or CCW rotation (3-bit LUT5). A clockwise rotation will cause a 330us oneshot on ‘Up/Down’ while both a clockwise and counter clockwise rotation will cause a 240us oneshot on ‘Clock’. The difference in length allows DFF inputs to settle.

The BUTTON PIN#10 input starts, pauses, continues and resets the timer. The device initializes to
the Pause state, where the timer can be set. By pressing BUTTON, the state will toggle between Pause and Start. In the Start state, the UP/DOWN signal is forced low and the 1 minute counter CNT2/DLY2 begins. Toggling the Pause/Start DFF can pause and continue the timer.

To reset the timer, hold the button for 2 seconds. A one-shot resets all timer DFFs and resets the state of the device to Pause. See Figures 6 and 7.

When the timer reaches zero, the device enters a Reset Timeout where the buzzer output is enabled and the counter stops at zero. The Buzzer will buzz once every 3 seconds for 250ms. During the 250ms, the buzzer is driven rail-to-rail at 3.125kHz. After the timeout, the Pause/Start DFF is reset to the Pause state (See Figure 8). Alternately, the user can manually toggle the DFF which will end the Reset Timeout.

A second GreenPAK IC contains enough internal circuitry to implement and drive a 2-digit a 7-segment display.

The 7-segment displays with common cathode are connected to the 2-chip, kitchen timer + display driver, GreenPAKs as shown in Figure 9.

The timer chip counts to 59 minutes thus Digit 1 can be any from 0 to 5 and digit 2 any of 0 to 9. The display chip will know which outputs (bit or (10’s) BIT) is coming to the display inputs based on select pins: output pin 12, connected to pin 4 of the display, and pin 13, connected to pin 9 of display. As shown on Figure 2, for LTD-4708JF display Pin 4/Pin 9 is common cathode for Digit 1/Digit 2, which must be low to activate. The driver activates first one digit than the other with the frequency around 1.02 kHz so an eye cannot see the blinking.

Pin 2/ DP pin of the display is for the dot and it is connected to ground, it is always inactive.

Conclusion

We created a fully functional kitchen timer, with start/pause/reset features, buzzer output and 7- segment driver. The maximum storable value is 59 because we are limited by the number of resettable DFFs. Suggested improvements include adding an indicator LED to represent the different modes, as well as optimizing the design to fit into smaller GPAK devices which will lower cost and board space.